Minna No Nihongo Lesson 14 Grammar
Lesson 14 is familiar with the common verb form [て] and is commonly used in everyday life. Through this, we will also learn that Japanese verbs are also divided into 3 categories: Type I, Type II and Type III, each with different separations that we will learn in the following lessons.
1. The verb conjugation
Japanese verbs have variable tails. People call this verb conjugation. We can make many different sentences with different meanings by putting verb conjugations in different tails. Based on the verb conjugations divided into 3 groups
2. Verb groups
Group 1
Verbs of this group have the final sound [ます] which is the sound of the sequence [い] For example:
かきます
のみます
Group 2
Most verbs in this group have the final sound [ます] which is the sound of the sequence [え] For example:
たべます
みせます
sometimes also a number in the range [い]
For example:
みます
おきます
Group 3
Includes 2 verbs: します and きます
3. The verb form て
Verbs ending in て 、 で are called て forms. The division of form thể depends on verb groups
Group 1 verb:
| Verb | format [て] |
| かきます | かいて |
| ききます | きいて |
| およぎます | およいで |
| のみます | のんで |
| あそびます | あそんで |
| まちます | まって |
| とります | とって |
| あいます | あって |
| はなします | はなして |
Group 2 verb:
Remove [ま す] and add [て] later
For example:
たべますーーー＞たべて
ねますーーーー＞ねて
Group 3 verb:
しますーーーー＞して
きますーーーー＞きて
4. The verb form [て] + ください
Meaning: Let’s do something
Usage: To politely ask or ask someone to do something
For example :
ちょっとまってください。
Please / Please wait a moment
くすりをのんでください。
Take your medicine
かんじをかいてください。
Please write the kanji
5. The verb form [て] + います
Meaning: Doing something
Usage: Used to describe an action taking place at the time of speaking
For example :
いまあなたはなにをしていますか。
What are you doing now?
わたしはえいがをみています。
I’m watching movies
かれ)はあそんでいます。
He is hanging out
6. The verb form [ます] + ましょうか
Meaning: ~ okay
Usage: offer to do something for someone
For example :
ちずをかきましょうか。
I will draw a map for you!
ええ、おねがいします。
Yes, you help me!
でんきをけしましょうか。
I turn off the light for you!
いいえ、けっこうです。
No, I did it
7. Question 1 が, sentence 2
Usage: In lesson 8, we have learned about the particle [が]. But when used in [すみませんが], [しつれしますが] to start a sentence, [が] has no initial meaning but is just a continuation of the sentence.
For example :
しつれしますが、おなまえは？
Sorry, what’s your name?
すみませんが、しおをとってください。
Sorry, take me some salt
8. The noun [が] the verb
Usage: When describing a natural phenomenon, we use [が] before that topic
For example :
あめがふります。
It rains