Minna No Nihongo Lesson 16 Grammar
Lesson 16 we will learn how to connect verbs, nouns, adjectives and some grammatical structures.
1. The verb form て 、 [verb form て 、] ～
Meaning: Doing ~, doing ~
How to use :
Sentence forms use て to connect two or more verbs together
Put verbs in the order they occur
The timing of the sentence is determined by the final verb
For example :
あさジョギングをして、シャワーをあびて、かいしゃへいきます。
In the morning, I jog, take a shower and go to work
こうべへいって、えいがをみて、おちゃをのみました。
I go to Kobe, watch a movie and drink tea
2. The adjective ending い → ～くて、～
Meaning: adjective ~, love ~
How to use :
Sentence form used to connect the adjective ending い with another phrase or sentence
When connecting adjectives, [い] must be added [くて], the final adjectives do not remove [い] For example :
おおきいーーー＞おおきくて
ちいさいーーー＞ちいさくて
いいーーーーー＞よくて（＊）
ミ ラ ー さ ん は わ か く て 、 げ ん き で す。
Mr. Miller is young and healthy
き の う は て ん き が よ く て 、 あ つ い で す。
The weather was nice and hot yesterday
3. The noun / adjective ending な （omit な） + で 、 ～
Meaning: noun ~ noun ~ or adjective ~, adjective ~
How to use :
Sentence pattern used to connect sentences with nouns / adjectives な with or without the same topic
* sentences with opposite meanings will use [が] For example :
カリナさんはインドネシアじんで、きょうとだいがくのりゅうがくせいです。
Ms. Karina is Indonesian and is an international student at Kyoto University
ミラーさんはハンサムっで、しんせつです。
Mr. Miller is both handsome and kind
ならはきれいで、しずかなまちです。
Nara is a beautiful and quiet city
4. The verb 1 form て から 、 The verb 2
Meaning: After verb 1, verb 2
How to use :
Describe after action 1 has finished then action 2 is performed.
The timing of the sentence is determined by the final verb
For example :
くにへかえってから、ちちのかいしゃではたらきます。
After returning home, I worked at my father’s company
コンサートがおわってから、レストランでしょくじしました。
After the concert ended, I went to eat at a restaurant
5. Noun 1 は Noun 2 が Adjective
Meaning: The noun 2 of the noun 1 is the adjective
Usage: The noun 1 is the subject of the sentence, in which the adjective modifies the noun 2
For example :
おおさかはたべものがおいしいです。
The food in Osaka is delicious
ドイツのフランケンはワインがゆうめいです。
The wine in the Franken region of Germany is famous
マリアさんはかみがながいです。
Maria’s hair is long
6. どうやって
Meaning: How / how
How to use :
Sample sentences to ask about the order or how to do something.
If you answer, you can use sentence by verb form て
For example :
だいがくまでどうやっていきますか？
How to get to university?
きょうとえきで１６ばんのバスにのって、だいがくまえでおります。
Hop on the number 16 bus at Kyoto station and get off in front of the university
7. どの
Meaning: Which one
Usage: standing before nouns, used to identify an object (object / person) in a group of objects 3 or more
For example :
サントスさんはどのふとですか？
Who is Mr. Santos?
あのせがたかくて、かみがくろいひとです。
It’s tall and black hair