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Minna No Nihongo Lesson 17 Grammar(N5)

Minna No Nihongo Lesson 17 Grammar
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Minna No Nihongo Lesson 17 Grammar

 Minna No Nihongo Lesson 17 Grammar

Lesson 17 we will learn more the verb form [ない] and some accompanying structures.

1. The ない form of the verb
The form of the verb when accompanied by [ない] is called the form [ない] of the verb.

For example, [かかない] is the [ない] form of the verb [かきます].

2. Share the verb [ない]
Group I verb

Verbform [ない]
かきますかかない
ききますきかない
およぎますおよがない
のみますのまない
あそびますあそばない
まちますまたない
とりますとらない
あいますあわない
はなしますはなさない

Group II verbs
For this group verb the form [ない] is the same as [ます]
For example :
たべますーーー> たべない
いれますーーー> いれない

Group III verbs
For the verb [します], the form [ない] is the same as [ます], and the verb [きます] is [こ(ない)]
For example :
べんきょうしますーーー>べんきょうしない
きますーーーーーーーー>こない

3. The verb form [ない] + ないでください
Meaning: Don’t do it ~
Usage: When you want to advise or ask someone not to do something
For example :
わたしはげんきですから、しんぱいしないでください。
I’m fine so don’t worry.

ここでしゃしんをとらないでください.
Please do not take photos here

4. The verb form [ない] + なければなりません
Meaning: yes …, obligatory …
Usage: denotes an obligation as an obligation, regardless of the intention of the employee.
verb conjugate [ない], remove [い] + [ければなりません]

For example :
くすり)をのまなければなりません。
Have to take medicine.

まいにちにほんごをべんきょうしなければなりません。
Every day (me) have to learn Japanese.

5. The verb [ない] + なくてもいいです
Meaning: Not to do ~
Usage: denotes the unnecessary of the behavior that the verb describes
* verb conjugate [ない] remove [い]

For example :
あすこなくてもいいです。
You can’t come tomorrow.

どようびのごごべんきょうしなくてもいいですか。
Can we not study on Saturday afternoon?

6. Noun (object) は
How to use:
Put the object as a topic to emphasize the desire to express it
As the subject is promoted, the object [を] of the object has been replaced with [は]

For example :
ここににもつをおかないでください。
Do not leave luggage here

->にもつはここにおかないでください。
Luggage, please do not leave here

7. The noun (time) + までに + The verb
Meaning: Before
Usage: action or work must be performed before the deadline specified by [までに] [までに] is different from the auxiliary [まで] and auxiliary [に]

For example:
かいぎは5じまでにおわります。
The meeting will end before 5 o’clock

どようびまでにほんをかえさなければなりません。
Must return books before by Saturday

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