Minna No Nihongo Lesson 27 Grammar(N4)
1. Verb ability
Group 1 verb
Switch from column [い] to column [え]
| Verb | Verb ability |
| かきます | かけます |
| およぎます | およげます |
| のみます | のめます |
| あそびます | あそべます |
| まちます | まてます |
| とります | とれます |
| あいます | あえます |
| はなします | はなせます |
Group 2 verb
Remove [ま す] in these group verbs and add [られます] For example :
たべますた —> たべられます
Group 3 verb
きます —> こられます
します —> できます
2. Sentence verb possibilities
Meaning: Maybe
How to use :
Used to describe a certain ability or something that can be done under certain circumstances
In a sentence with an auxiliary expression [を], it must be replaced with [が], while another adverb is in the middle
For example :
みらーさんはかんじをよめます。
Mr. Miller can read Chinese characters
このぎんこうでドルがかえられます。
This bank can exchange dollars
3. みえます and きこえます
Means :
[みえます] is visible
[きこえます] can be heard
How to use:
Sentences used with [みえます] and [きこえます] describe an object that is seen or heard because something in sight or sound enters the ear itself, without the need for intention of the observer.
Expressed by the particle [が] For example:
わたしのうち から, やまがみえます
From my house, see the mountains.
くるまの おとがきこえますね
Can hear the sound of cars.
Differentiate [みられる] and [きける]
[みられる] and [きける]: the speaker must use time, energy, methods, etc. to be able to hear or see something.
4. できます
Meaning: completed, completed
How to use:
Describe something or something that has been completed or built
Go with the particle [が] Completed locations are indicated by the particle [に] For example :
あなた はしゅくだいができました か.
Have you finished your homework?
5. は
では / には / へは/ からは/ までは,…
[は] refers to nouns denoted as the subject of the sentence. When you change the nouns after the words [を] and [が] into sentence topics, [は] will replace [を] and [が]. For other auxiliary characters, [は] comes after the auxiliary words
For example :
わたしのがっこうにはがいこくじんおせんせいがひとりいます。
At my school there is a foreign teacher
[は] has a comparative function and the two sides are connected by an auxiliary word [が]
For example :
ワインはのみますが、ビールはのみません
6. も
How to use :
[も] replaces the adjectives [を] and [が] Added after another
The case of [へ] can be omitted
For example :
きょねんアメリカへいきました。メキシコ(へ)もいきました
Last year I went to the US. I also go to Mexico
7. しか
Meaning: only
How to use:
[しか] is used after nouns, word count, etc., and replace the [[が], [を] Go with verbs (in the negative form)
Different from the sentence used [だけ] used with the positive verb
For example:
きょう , わたしは １５ ぶんしか やすみません
きょう , わたしは １５ ぶんだけ やみます
Today, I can only rest for 15 minutes