Minna No Nihongo Lesson 32 Grammar(N4)
1. The verb form た / the verb form な い + ほうがいいです
Meaning: should / shouldn’t
Usage: Used to advise someone to do / do nothing which is good for them
For example:
ま い に ち う ん ど う し た ほ う が い い で す
Every day should exercise
じゃ、おふろにはいらないほうがいいですよ
So, don’t take a bath
* Differences between [～たほうがいい] and [～たらいい] :
[～たほうがいい] is used to give simple invitations and [～たらいい] indicates the comparison and selection of 2 objects
2. Verbs, the adjectives in the tail [い], the adjectives in the tail [な], and regular nouns + でしょう
Meaning: probably
Usage: indicates the speaker’s inference based on some certain information
* List can switch from the usual drop [だ] For example:
あしたはあめがふるでしょう
Maybe it will rain tomorrow
3. Verb, adjective adjective [い], adjective adjective [な], and ordinary nouns + かもしれません
Meaning: probably / also do not know about
Usage: also indicates the conjecture of the speaker but the probability of occurrence is less than 50%
* Nouns that change into regular forms remove [だ]
For example:
ごごからゆきがふるかもしれません
Snow is likely to fall in the afternoon also
4. きっと / たぶん / もしかしたら
きっと
Usage:
This adverb is used in cases where the speaker is fairly certain of him about his guess.
Probability ranges from very high to equivalent [でしょう]
For example:
みらーさんはきっときます
Mr. Miller will come
あしたはきっとあめでしょう
Rain will probably rain tomorrow
たぶん
Usage:
This adverb denotes the degree of certainty lower than [きっと].
Often used with [でしょう] and [～ともっています]
For example:
みらーさんはくるでしょう？
Will Mr. Miller come?
たぶんくるでしょう
Maybe he will come
やまださんはこのニュースをしらないとおもいます
I think Yamada-san doesn’t know this news
もしかしたら
Usage ：
This adverb is used with [～かもしれません] Compared to sentences without [もしかしたら], the sentence that has [もしかしたら] indicates a lower probability
For example:
もしかしたら さんがつに そつぎょうできない かもしれません
Maybe in March, I won’t graduate
5. Amount of words で
Usage: Indicates the limit on progress, time, amount required for a state, movement or event to occur.
For example
えきまで３０ぶんでいけますか？
Can we go to the station in 30 minutes?
３まんえんでカメラがかえますか？
Can I buy a camera for 30,000 yen?